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traveler's diarrhea
Traveler's diarrhea (TD), sometimes tourist diarrhea or traveler's dysentery, is a stomach and intestinal infection, and the most common illness affecting travelers.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Disease Listing, Travelers' Diarrhea, General Information - CDC Bacterial, Mycotic Diseases )〕 It is defined as three or more unformed stools passed by a traveler within a 24-hour period. It is commonly accompanied by abdominal cramps, nausea, and bloating. The diagnosis does not imply causative organism, but enterotoxigenic ''Escherichia coli'' (ETEC) is the most common pathogen.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Dorlands Medical Dictionary:traveler's diarrhea )〕 Bacteria are responsible for roughly 80% of cases; most of the rest are caused by viruses and protozoans.
Although most travelers with TD recover within a few days with little or no treatment, symptoms can sometimes be severe enough to require medical intervention. In those who are immunocompromised or otherwise prone to serious infections, TD is a significant concern and occasionally even life-threatening.
==Signs and symptoms ==
The onset of TD usually occurs within the first week of travel, but may occur at any time while traveling, and even after returning home, depending on the incubation period of the infectious agent. Bacterial TD typically begins abruptly, but ''Cryptosporidium'' may incubate for seven days, and ''Giardia'' for 14 days or more, before symptoms develop. Typically, a traveler experiences four to five loose or watery bowel movements each day. Other commonly associated symptoms are abdominal cramping, bloating, fever, and malaise.〔 Appetite often decreases significantly.〔
Blood or mucus in the diarrhea, significant abdominal pain, or high fever suggests a more serious cause, such as cholera, characterized by a rapid onset of weakness and torrents of watery diarrhea with flecks of mucus (described as "rice water" stools). Dehydration is a serious consequence of cholera, and deaths have been reported as rapidly as 24 hours after onset.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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